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Published on January 16, 2026

How to Travel by Train in Russia: A Complete Guide to Russian Railways

Embarking on a train journey across Russia offers an unparalleled way to experience its vast landscapes, rich history, and diverse cultures. From swift intercity connections to epic cross-country adventures, Russian Railways (RZD) provides an extensive network for every type of traveler.

Why Choose Train Travel in Russia?

Train travel in Russia is more than just transportation; it's an immersive cultural experience. It allows you to witness the country's incredible geographical diversity, from dense forests to sprawling steppes, and connect with locals in a unique setting. It’s often a comfortable, scenic, and practical alternative to flying, especially for exploring multiple destinations.

Understanding Russian Railways (RZD)

Russian Railways (Rossiyskiye Zheleznye Dorogi, RZD) is the national state-owned railway company responsible for operating the vast majority of Russia's passenger and freight rail network. With thousands of routes spanning across 11 time zones, RZD maintains one of the world's largest and most extensive railway systems, renowned for its punctuality and efficiency.

Booking Your Train Tickets

Securing your tickets in advance is highly recommended, especially for popular routes and during peak seasons. Tickets typically become available 90 days before departure.

Online Booking

The most convenient way to book tickets is through the official RZD website. It offers an English interface, allowing you to select routes, choose carriage types, and pick specific berths. Be prepared to enter passport details for all passengers. Alternatively, several reputable third-party online agencies also offer booking services, often with additional language support and payment options.

Booking at the Station

Tickets can also be purchased directly at train stations. Look for ticket offices (касса,kassa) or self-service machines. While feasible for shorter trips or if you need to buy last-minute, be mindful of potential language barriers and longer queues. It's helpful to have your destination, date, and preferred class written down in Russian.

Train Classes and Carriages

Russian trains offer a range of classes, catering to different budgets and comfort levels. Understanding these options is key to planning your journey.

Sapsan (High-Speed Trains)

For rapid travel between major cities like Moscow and Saint Petersburg Old Town, the Sapsan high-speed trains are an excellent choice. These modern trains offer comfortable seating, Wi-Fi, and dining services, significantly cutting travel times compared to traditional overnight trains.

"Firmenny" (Branded) Trains

These are premium overnight trains, often named (e.g., "Red Arrow" between Moscow and Saint Petersburg) and known for their higher quality service, newer carriages, and often more amenities. They typically offer a more comfortable and reliable experience.

Sleeper Carriages (Long Distance)

For longer journeys, especially on routes like the Trans-Siberian Railway, sleeper carriages are the standard.

  • SV / Lyux (1st Class): Offers two berths in a private compartment, often with more space, a television, and sometimes a private shower. It's the most comfortable and private option.
  • Kupe (2nd Class): Features four berths in a lockable compartment (two upper, two lower). This is a popular choice, balancing comfort and cost. Bedding is usually included in the ticket price.
  • Platskart (3rd Class): An open-plan carriage with 54 berths, arranged in bays of six. While less private, it's the most budget-friendly option and offers a unique opportunity to interact with locals. Bedding is typically provided.

All sleeper carriages are overseen by aprovodnik(male attendant) orprovodnitsa(female attendant) who checks tickets, provides bedding, manages the samovar (hot water dispenser), and keeps the carriage tidy. Most long-distance trains have a dining car, and hot water is always available from the samovar for tea, coffee, or instant noodles.

Traveling on the Trans-Siberian Railway offers a unique opportunity to truly connect with the vastness of Russia, making the journey an integral part of the adventure.

Seating Carriages (Short Distance)

For shorter day trips, especially on regional routes, you'll find seating-only carriages (obschiyorsidyachiy). These are similar to standard coach seating and are the most economical option for daytime travel.

Essential Tips for Train Travel in Russia

What to Pack

  • Snacks and Drinks: While dining cars and vendors are available, bringing your own provisions (instant noodles, tea bags, bread, cheese, fruit) is common and cost-effective.
  • Reusable Mug/Bowl: Essential for using the samovar for hot drinks or instant meals.
  • Entertainment: Books, headphones, downloaded movies, or games are crucial for longer journeys.
  • Comfortable Clothes and Slippers: Many travelers change into more relaxed attire for overnight trips.
  • Toiletries: Basic toiletries are not usually provided.
  • Small Towel: Useful for washing up.

Onboard Etiquette

Russian train culture is generally relaxed and friendly. Be polite to your fellow passengers and the provodnik/provodnitsa. It's common for people to share food, engage in conversation (even with language barriers), and help each other. Remember that quiet hours are usually observed during the night.

Security and Valuables

While generally safe, always keep your valuables secure, especially passports and money. Use the storage space under lower berths, which can often be locked, or keep smaller bags with important items close to you.

Language

Not all RZD staff speak English. Learning a few basic Russian phrases (hello, thank you, please, ticket) can be very helpful. Translation apps can also bridge communication gaps.

Popular Russian Train Routes

Russia's railway network connects an incredible array of destinations, offering journeys for every interest.

  • The Trans-Siberian Railway: The world's longest railway, connecting Moscow with Vladivostok. This epic journey passes through cities like Yekaterinburg,Krasnoyarsk, and Irkutsk, providing access to stunning natural wonders like Lake Baikal.
  • Moscow to Saint Petersburg: A classic and highly popular route, served by high-speed Sapsan trains during the day and comfortable overnight services.
  • The Golden Ring: Explore Russia's ancient heartland by connecting cities like Yaroslavl, Suzdal (via Vladimir), and Sergiyev Posad.
  • Southern Routes: Trains connect Moscow to destinations like the Black Sea resort of Sochi or the historic city of Volgograd.
  • Beyond the Capitals: Discover the diverse culture of Kazan, the European charm of Kaliningrad, or use trains as a gateway to regions like Altay(via major rail hubs).

Traveling by train in Russia is an unforgettable adventure, offering comfort, convenience, and a deep immersion into the country's vastness and culture. Whether you're crossing continents or simply moving between cities, Russian Railways provides a reliable and enriching way to explore this magnificent land.