Diawling National Park Guide: Wetlands Wildlife on the Senegal River

Nestled along the Mauritanian bank of the Senegal River, Diawling National Park is a vital wetland ecosystem, a haven for an incredible diversity of birdlife and other wildlife. This often-overlooked gem offers a unique glimpse into Mauritania's natural heritage, providing a stark contrast to the vast desert landscapes.

Discovering Diawling National Park

Established in 1991, Diawling National Park was created as a direct response to the ecological changes brought about by the construction of the Diama Dam on the Senegal River. This dam, built to prevent saltwater intrusion and provide irrigation, inadvertently altered the natural flooding cycles crucial for the region's wetlands. Diawling was designed to mitigate these impacts, ensuring that a portion of the delta continued to receive the necessary freshwater to sustain its rich biodiversity.

Today, the park is a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, recognized globally for its ecological significance. It encompasses a mosaic of habitats, including shallow lakes, floodplains, temporary ponds, and riparian forests, all interconnected by a network of channels and the mighty Senegal River itself. Its strategic location at the crossroads of the Palearctic and Afrotropical migratory routes makes it an indispensable stopover and breeding ground for millions of birds.

Did You Know?The name "Diawling" refers to the traditional system of managing water levels in the delta, a practice that the park aims to emulate and restore for ecological health.

Why Visit Diawling National Park?

For nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers, Diawling National Park presents an unparalleled opportunity to witness wildlife in a thriving wetland environment. Unlike the more famous Banc d'Arguin National Park, which focuses on coastal and marine birds, Diawling offers a freshwater wetland experience, showcasing a different spectrum of avian and terrestrial species.

Birdwatching Paradise:Home to over 250 species of birds, including vast colonies of pelicans, flamingos, herons, egrets, and various raptors.
Unique Ecosystem:Experience the vibrant life of a Sahelian wetland, a crucial ecological hotspot in an otherwise arid region.
Conservation Story:Witness a successful conservation project aimed at restoring and preserving a fragile ecosystem in the face of human development.

Key Wildlife and Bird Species

Diawling's wetlands are a magnet for life. The sheer numbers of birds can be breathtaking, especially during the migratory seasons. You can expect to see:

Avian Wonders

Great White Pelicans:Large breeding colonies are a highlight, often seen fishing cooperatively.
Greater Flamingos:Their vibrant pink hues add a splash of color to the shallow lagoons.
Herons and Egrets:Many species, including Grey Heron, Purple Heron, Great Egret, and Little Egret, are common sights.
Ducks and Geese:Various migratory and resident waterfowl, such as White-faced Whistling Duck and Spur-winged Goose.
Waders:A wide array of sandpipers, plovers, and other shorebirds forage along the water's edge.
Raptors:African Fish Eagles, Western Marsh Harriers, and Osprey are frequently observed hunting over the wetlands.
Passerines:Numerous warblers, weavers, and other small birds inhabit the reed beds and riparian vegetation.

Other Wildlife

While birds are the main draw, Diawling also supports a variety of other creatures:

Warthogs:Often seen grazing in the grassy areas.
African Manatees:Though elusive, these gentle giants inhabit the deeper channels of the Senegal River.
Monitor Lizards:Large reptiles basking in the sun or foraging.
Crocodiles:Nile crocodiles are present in the river and larger ponds, though often shy.
Gazelles:Several species, including Dorcas gazelles, may be spotted in the drier parts of the park.

Activities in the Park

A visit to Diawling is primarily focused on immersion in nature and wildlife observation.

Birdwatching Tours:The most popular activity. Local guides, often former poachers now trained as conservationists, can lead you to the best viewing spots.
Boat Trips:Exploring the waterways by pirogue offers an intimate perspective of the wetlands, allowing closer encounters with aquatic birds and potentially crocodiles or manatees.
Nature Walks:Guided walks along designated trails can reveal smaller birds, insects, and plant life.
Photography:The park offers incredible opportunities for wildlife and landscape photography, especially during sunrise and sunset.

Planning Your Visit

Visiting Diawling requires some planning, as facilities are relatively basic, and independent exploration is limited.

Best Time to Visit

The optimal time for birdwatching is during thedry season, fromNovember to April, when migratory birds from Europe and Asia swell the park's population. The weather is also more agreeable during these months, with cooler temperatures than the hot summer.

Getting There

Diawling National Park is located near the city of Rosso, on the Mauritanian side of the Senegal River border with Senegal.

From Nouakchott:Rosso is approximately 200 km south of Nouakchott. You can hire a private taxi or take a shared taxi (sept-place) to Rosso. From Rosso, the park entrance is a short drive, requiring a local guide or park ranger to escort you.
Accommodation:Limited options exist in Rosso. It's often recommended to arrange a visit as a day trip from Nouakchott or as part of a multi-day tour that includes camping or staying in nearby communities.

What to Bring

Binoculars and Camera:Essential for birdwatching and photography.
Water and Snacks:Stay hydrated, as there are no shops inside the park.
Sun Protection:Hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses are crucial.
Insect Repellent:Especially important during the wetter months or near stagnant water.
Light Clothing:Long sleeves and trousers can offer protection from sun and insects.
Sturdy Footwear:For walking on uneven terrain.

It is highly recommended to arrange your visit through a reputable tour operator in Nouakchott or directly with the park administration to ensure you have a knowledgeable guide and proper transportation within the park.

Conservation Efforts and Community

Diawling National Park is a testament to successful community-based conservation. The park actively involves local populations in its management, providing alternative livelihoods such as ecotourism guiding and sustainable fishing practices. This approach helps reduce pressure on natural resources and fosters a sense of ownership among the communities, crucial for the long-term success of the park's mission to protect its unique biodiversity while supporting human well-being.

Beyond Diawling: Exploring Mauritania

A visit to Diawling National Park can be a fascinating starting point or an enriching addition to a broader Mauritanian adventure. After experiencing the wetlands, consider venturing further into this captivating country:

Explore the ancient caravan cities of the Adrar Plateau, such as Chinguetti and Ouadane, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites known for their historic libraries and stunning architecture.
Discover the vast and mysterious Richat Structure, also known as the "Eye of the Sahara," a geological marvel visible from space.
Relax at the oasis of Terjit, offering refreshing pools and palm groves amidst the desert.
Continue your wildlife journey by heading north to the expansive Banc d'Arguin National Park, another world-renowned bird sanctuary on the Atlantic coast.

Conclusion

Diawling National Park offers a profoundly rewarding experience for those seeking to connect with nature and witness the vibrant life of a West African wetland. It's a place where the success of conservation efforts is evident, showcasing the remarkable resilience of nature and the power of collaborative human endeavor. A visit here is not just a journey into the wild, but also an insight into Mauritania's commitment to preserving its precious natural heritage.